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Liquid personal-care products are sold almost exclusively in single-use plastic bottles

#00016

Shampoo, conditioner, body wash and liquid soap are overwhelmingly packaged in single-use plastic bottles that are rarely recycled. The format persists because plastic is cheap, light, unbreakable and water-resistant, and supply chains are built around it — no alternative yet be…

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20 nodes

#00017 Liquid personal-care products are mostly water, wasting transport capacity when shipped
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#00020 Ship liquid concentrate and reconstitute with tap water at the point of use
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#00009 New York, USA (DTC, nationwide)Success
#00026 Concentrate formats need reformulation matching the performance of conventional products
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#00018 Refill systems fail at the last mile
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#00021 Fill-to-order, label-per-household, closed-loop container swap
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#00010 France (nationwide, with Carrefour)Success
#00011 United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Japan (multi-country pilots)Failed
#00012 Santiago, ChileSuccess
#00024 The central cleaning loop's per-cycle cost is unproven
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#00025 Container standardisation conflicts with brands' reliance on the bottle as a differentiator
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#00019 Refill systems are not durable unless they are more profitable than single-use plastic
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#00022 Launch in hotels and multi-unit buildings before expanding to consumers
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#00013 California, USASuccess
#00014 Global (Marriott properties worldwide; HQ Bethesda, Maryland, USA)Success
#00027 The jump from B2B hotel supply to DTC home refill is an unsolved transition
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#00023 Integrated DTC concentrate-refill service funded by skipped retail margin and retention
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#00015 Arvada, Colorado, USASuccess
#00028 The DTC refill model serves only a profitable segment, not the mass market
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#00029 Optimising the refill model for profit conflicts with creating stable delivery jobs
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