France (nationwide, with Carrefour)

Loop, TerraCycle's reusable-packaging platform, is an explicit modern milk-round: products are sold in durable containers that are collected, cleaned and refilled rather than recycled. Loop launched at Davos in 2019 and piloted across multiple countries. France is the case where it reached genuine commercial scale: in partnership with the retailer Carrefour and a coalition of brands, the interoperable system grew to 370+ products across 345 supermarkets nationwide, with reporting indicating it became profitable and was on track toward ~800 stores. Consumers buy products nationally in reusable packaging, pay a deposit, use them, and return the empties — without cleaning — to any participating retailer. This case supports the closed-loop fill-and-refill solution: it shows the loop can close at industrial scale and pencil out — but, read together with the failed multi-country pilots, it indicates success depended heavily on a committed national retail partner and an interoperable (not per-brand) container system.