#infection-prevention-and-control

Patients and communities are exposed to resistant bacteria through preventable transmission, particularly where infection prevention, sanitation, isolation, and outbreak coordination are weak.

Develop regulated phage libraries, rapid bacterial matching, stable manufacturing, and adaptive treatment protocols for infections that lack effective antibiotic options.

Use ozonation, activated carbon, advanced oxidation, membranes, or source-specific pretreatment at high-risk facilities after effective conventional treatment, with monitoring of antibiotic residues, resistant bacteria, resistance genes, and treatment by-products.

Provide reliable drinking water, sanitation, sewage treatment and handwashing infrastructure to interrupt infection transmission and reduce the need for antibiotics.

Combine hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, screening, isolation or cohorting, transfer alerts and central outbreak oversight to stop resistant bacteria spreading between patients and facilities.

Integrate rapid pathogen or biomarker tests with clinical guidance, training and stewardship follow-up so results change antibiotic selection rather than merely add information.

Create multidisciplinary stewardship teams that issue local treatment guidance, review prescribing, feed results back to clinicians and safely narrow or stop unnecessary antibiotics.

PhagoBurn was a randomized, controlled phase 1/2 trial comparing a topical anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage cocktail with standard care for infected burn wounds, conducted across multiple European burn units. Manufactu…

The Neugut wastewater treatment plant near Zurich was Switzerland's first full-scale municipal ozonation installation. Researchers sampled effluent at three stages — conventional treatment, ozone treatment, and biologic…

The WASH Benefits cluster-randomized trial evaluated household water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions among young children in rural Bangladesh. A secondary analysis examined caregiver-reported antib…

A clonal outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae spread across Israeli hospitals during 2006 and was not controlled by local measures. In 2007 the Ministry of Health mandated physical separation of carrie…

A randomized trial across 16 general practices in southwest England tested whether rapid multiplex microbiological point-of-care testing would reduce same-day antibiotic prescribing for children and adults with respirat…

Forty-eight community health centres in Vietnam were randomized to routine care or routine care with point-of-care C-reactive protein (CRP) testing for patients with non-severe acute respiratory infections. Testing was…

After macrolide resistance in group A streptococci rose in Finland, national recommendations were issued by public-health authorities and clinical professional bodies to reduce macrolide use for respiratory and skin inf…

Sweden established Strama in 1995 as a national and regional collaboration for rational antibiotic use. Regional groups combine local treatment recommendations, surveillance, professional education, prescribing feedback…