#multi-cloud-emissions-attribution
Issues, solutions, and case studies for multi-cloud-emissions-attribution
Found 9 nodes with this tag: 1 issue · 3 solutions · 5 case studies
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Issues 1
#00170Closed model and API providers do not disclose the data needed to compute a real footprint
Consumer-side tools must assume model architecture and a worldwide-average grid because providers publish almost nothing about model size, hardware, or data-centre efficiency. Every downstream estimate therefore carries wide, irreducible error bars.
Solutions 3
#00169Provide real-time, location- and time-specific grid carbon-intensity signals as the conversion factor
Every emissions estimate multiplies energy by a carbon-intensity factor, but annual national averages miss regional and hourly variation. An API exposing live, historical, and forecast intensity—both average and marginal—per zone and per hour lets any tool convert energy to accur
#00168Standardize a single comparable carbon metric per unit of software work
Every tool in this space estimates differently, so numbers are not comparable across teams or vendors. A shared specification expresses software carbon as a rate — emissions per functional unit such as a request, user, or training run — so results can be compared and tracked over
#00167Attribute cloud emissions from provider billing and usage data across multiple providers
Convert itemised cloud billing and usage records into energy and emissions figures using published hardware power coefficients and region-specific grid carbon intensity, producing a per-service, per-region footprint across multiple providers.
Case studies 5
Oakland, California, USA
OngoingWattTime (environmental non-profit; executive director Gavin McCormick) · since 2014 · Global
WattTime, founded in 2014 by UC Berkeley researchers and a subsidiary of Rocky Mountain Institute since 2017, provides Marginal Operating Emissions Rate (MOER, in pounds of CO₂ per MWh) via API in real-time, forecast, a…
Non-profit; a subsidiary of Rocky Mountain Institute since 2017, funded by grants and contributions · 3 sources
Copenhagen, Denmark
OngoingElectricity Maps (founder Olivier Corradi) · Global
Electricity Maps ingests data from TSOs, market operators, and government agencies via an open-source parser system, applies a flow-tracing algorithm to produce consumption-based (rather than production-based) carbon in…
Raised approximately $5.4M in 2024 from Transition and Revent; API is a paid subscription; visualisation app and parsers are open-source · 3 sources
Green Software Foundation (a Linux Foundation project) · Global
The Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) specification reached ISO accreditation as ISO/IEC 21031:2024 in Q1 2024. It defines software carbon as a rate: SCI = (E × I) + M per functional unit R, using a rate rather than a tot…
Non-profit foundation funded by member organisations · 2 sources
Google Cloud (provider-native tool) · Global
Google Cloud Carbon Footprint is a provider-native emissions tool included as a deliberate contrast to open-source multi-cloud approaches. It reports both location-based and market-based scope 2 emissions computed on an…
Provided by the cloud provider at no extra charge to customers · 2 sources
Chicago, Illinois, USA
OngoingThoughtworks (open-source project and sponsor) · since 2021 · Global
Cloud Carbon Footprint (CCF) is an open-source, multi-cloud tool launched by Thoughtworks in March 2021. It reads itemised billing and usage data from AWS, Google Cloud, Azure and Alibaba, converts it to energy using he…
Open-source, sponsored by Thoughtworks · 2 sources