Singapore

Since the 1960s 'Garden City' vision and now the 'City in Nature' / Green Plan 2030 strategy, Singapore grew green cover from 35.7% (1986) to roughly 48% even as urban density rose. Key mechanisms: mandatory greenery replacement when developers displace vegetation during construction; the 2009 Skyrise Greenery Incentive Scheme subsidising rooftop and vertical gardens; and greening overlaid onto roads, retaining walls and buildings where ground space is scarce. Singapore is warming at twice the global average and dense districts run several degrees hotter than rural land, making canopy expansion an active policy priority rather than an optional amenity.