Brazil (national; Amazon biome)

The Amazon Fund is a performance-based forest finance mechanism created in 2008 and managed by Brazil's development bank BNDES. It disburses money only after INPE verifies that deforestation has fallen below a baseline, then spends it on monitoring, enforcement, indigenous and small-producer livelihoods, and firefighting. Norway and Germany were the primary early donors. In 2019, the Bolsonaro government dissolved the fund's steering and technical committees; Norway and Germany froze new transfers and the fund sat idle for roughly four years. On his first day back in office in January 2023, Lula reactivated the governance committees by decree, immediately restoring the legal basis for donor contributions. The UK, Denmark, Switzerland, the US, and Japan added roughly €100m, and in November 2024 Norway pledged NOK 670 million explicitly tied to the 31% deforestation reduction Brazil had achieved that year. By 2024 the fund stood near USD 1.3 billion and had supported over 114 projects.